Grammar » 42 » Double (Transitive) Verb Endings

So far, we have been using simple endings with verbs:

takuvunga I see.
-vunga tells us just one thing: who is doing the action of seeing. We might say, instead:
takuvaga I see him/her/it.

The verb ending -vaga tells us two pieces of information:

  1. It indicates that I am the one who sees
  2. It indicates that he, she or it is the one who is seen.

We call this a double verb ending becuase it gives us two pieces of information.  Compare the following single and double verb endings:

tusâvunga (single verb ending) I hear (something).
tusâvaga (double verb ending) I hear him/her/it.
   
malivuk He/she is following (someone).
malijânga He/she is following me.

Here are the simplest forms of these transitive verb endings:

Where I am doing the action:  
takuvagit  I see you.
takuvaga I see him / her / it.
   
Where you are doing the action:  
takuvamma You see me.
takujait You see him / her / it.
   
Where he/she/it is doing the action:  
takujânga He/she sees me.
takujâtit He/she sees you.
takujanga He/she sees him/her.

 

The basic form of these affixes begin with j- when added to a root ending in a vowel. With some verbs, you may hear some speakers use verb roots ending in a t: and following them with a verb ending that starts with t-:

malit + taga =  
malittaga I am following him/her.
   
ikajut + tânga =  
ikajuttânga He/she is helping me.